VAN DE GRAAFF GENERATOR:
PRINCIPLE:
*IT WORKS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION AND ACTION OF POINTS.CONSTRUCTION:
* 'A' BE THE HOLLOW METALLIC SPHERE MOUNTED ON INSULATING PILLARS.* 'B' AND 'C' BE THE TWO PULLEYS.'B' IS MOUNTED AT THE CENTRE OF THE SPHERE AND 'C' IS MOUNTED NEAR THE BOTTOM.
* PULLEY 'C' IS DRIVEN BY AN ELECTRIC MOTOR.
*A SILK BELT MOVES OVER THE PULLEYS.
*'D' AND 'E' BE THE TWO COMB SHAPED CONDUCTORS HAVING SHARP NEEDLES WHICH ARE MOUNTED NEAR THE PULLEYS.
*COMB 'D' IS GIVEN A POSITIVE POTENTIAL (10^4 V) BY A POWER SUPPLY.
*COMB 'E' IS CONNECTED TO THE INNER SIDE OF THE HOLLOW SPHERE.
WORKING:
*SINCE HIGH ELECTRIC FIELD IS AT 'D' AIR GETS IONISED DUE TO ACTION OF POINTS.
*NOW THE NEEDLE ATTRACTS NEGATIVE CHARGES AND REPELS POSITIVE CHARGES TOWARDS THE BELT.
*THE POSITIVE CHARGES STICK TO THE BELT, MOVES UP AND REACHES 'E'.
*'E' ACQUIRES NEGATIVE CHARGES DUE TO ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION AND SPHERE ACQUIRES POSITIVE CHARGES WHICH ARE DISTRIBUTED ON ITS OUTER SURFACE.
*THE HIGH ELECTRIC FIELD AT 'E' IONISES THE AIR AND HENCE NEGATIVE CHARGES ARE REPELLED TOWARDS THE BELT.
*DUE TO THIS THE POSITIVE CHARGES ARE NEUTRALISED BEFORE THE BELT MOVES OVER THE PULLEY.
*SO THE DESCENDING BELT IS LEFT UNCHARGED.
*THE POTENTIAL OF THE SPHERE KEEPS ON INCREASING AND REACHES A MAXIMUM OR LIMITING VALUE.
*AFTER THIS STAGE LEAKEGE OF CHARGES OCCUR DUE TO IONISATION OF AIR.
ROBERT J.VAN DE GRAAFF |
USES:
*USED TO PRODUCE LARGE ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE UP TO 10^7 V.
*THIS HIGH VOLTAGE IS USED TO ACCELERATE THE POSITIVE IONS (PROTONS,DEUTRONS ) FOR NUCLEAR FISSION PROCESS.
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